C OF O – All you need to know

Your Complete Guide to Property Rights

Are you a property owner in Nigeria or someone looking to buy or invest in land in Nigeria? Or even someone looking to take bank loans. Then you have probably heard the words “c of o”, “seal of o”, “sea of o” etc. hmm regardless of what name you have heard, you definitely can tell that it is an important document. 

Well, in this article i’m going to explain to you, in the simplest way exactly what a (C of  O ) is – yes that’s the correct name. So grab your pens and get ready to learn. 

So when a child is born, they are given an identification document called a birth certificate, and when you buy a car, you are also given your car papers- evidence of purchase and ownership, in the same light when you buy a land you are given your Certificate of Ownership. 

Understanding the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is crucial for protecting your property investment. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about this vital document.

What is a Certificate of Occupancy?

A Certificate of Occupancy, commonly known as “C of O” in Nigeria, is the most important land document you can possess. It serves as legal proof that the Federal or State Government has granted you the right to occupy a piece of land for a specific period, typically 99 years.

Why is a C of O Essential for Property Owners?

Your Certificate of Occupancy offers several critical benefits:

1. It serves as the strongest proof of property ownership in Nigeria, so this is why when people take loans it’s often a required document.
2. It makes your property more valuable in the real estate market- i mean having evidence of ownership is the highest proof of validity. 
3. It is also required for obtaining construction permits and building approvals anywhere in Nigeria. 
4. As stated above,  having a C of O is very useful for securing property-based loans from banks
5. Having a legal document that backs your ownership of a property can and will protect you against land grabbers and fraudulent property claims.
6. Also in the event of purchase and inheritance this document helps facilitates smooth transfer 

Step-by-Step Guide to Obtaining Your C of O

Application Process

First, obtain and complete the application form from your State Lands Bureau or Ministry. You’ll need:

– Completed application form

– Survey plan

– Tax clearance certificate

– Proof of identity

– Evidence of land ownership

Document Submission

Submit your completed application along with:

– Site and location plans

– Four passport photographs

– Letter of application

– Purchase receipts or documents proving ownership

Land Inspection

Government officials will:

– Verify the land location

– Confirm land use compliance

– Check for any existing disputes

– Assess the property value

Processing and Approval

The application goes through several stages:

– Technical assessment

– Legal verification

– Payment of prescribed fees

– Final approval by the Governor

Collection

Once approved, you’ll:

– Receive notification

– Pay any outstanding fees

– Collect your Certificate of Occupancy

Common Challenges and Solutions

Processing Time

While official processing time varies by state, it typically takes 3-6 months. Sike! Unfortunately in Nigeria, your C of O document may take up to a year. To speed up the process however:

– Ensure all documents are complete and accurate

– Follow up regularly with the relevant office

– Consider using an accredited agent

Cost Considerations

The cost varies depending on:

– Property location

– Land size

– Property value

– State government charges

Document Requirements

Prepare these essential documents:

– Approved survey plan

– Evidence of land ownership

– Tax clearance certificate

– Means of identification

– Passport photographs

Expert Tips for a Smooth Process

1. Start the application process immediately after acquiring land so you don’t encourage any delays or you can even begin enquiry simultaneously. 
2. Always keep copies of all submitted documents for future reference. 
3. Maintain regular follow-up with the processing office
4. Always hire a professional land surveyor or contracting firm. 
5. Verify all requirements specific to your state
6. Use only verified land purchase and legal bodies to avoid stories that touch 
7.  

 Red Flags to Watch Out For ( AKA IF YOU SEE THESE RUN OO)

– Unrealistic processing time promises- (“I can get it for you in two days “)

– Requests for unofficial payments – don’t pay any amount of money into any strange or unverified accounts. 

– Do not overlook any document-  EVERY document is important. Read and cross check for any errors no matter how small.

– Unauthorized third-party involvement – “i know someone that knows someone that knows someone- noooo! 

 Protecting Your Investment

Once you receive your C of O:

– Store the original in a secure location – remember it is paper- it can get burnt, stolen or eaten ( yes now, don’t you know rats eat paper too)

– Make several copies for daily use- your village people are more powerful than you think. 

– Register with the state land registry- ensure it is originally signed and backed by the body responsible in your state

– Update your records regularly- laws change frequently, ensure you are in tune with the latest news and update your document when and if necessary

Conclusion

Obtaining a Certificate of Occupancy in Nigeria might seem challenging, but it’s a crucial step in securing your property rights. Follow this guide, prepare your documents carefully, and stay patient throughout the process. Earlier on we mentioned that the C of O documentation may take up to a year, however during this period, there are things you could be doing while waiting, we will be discussing them, in our next article. 

Remember, The long-term benefits of having a C of O far outweigh the initial effort and investment required. In other words, tough times never last, only tough people do. 

You are reading this article so you have either purchased land or are about to. So let me be the first to call you “ mama or baba landlord”, Congratulations !

Now, next time, I don’t want to hear “seal of o” or “sea of o “! , it is C of O – Certificate of ownership. 

Need professional assistance or enquiries on the C of O application? Reach out to us mehrezboutros@kodaiconstruction.com or call  ‪+234 803 967 2856‬